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Kubva muna Kukadzi gore rino, WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus uye Director weChina National Bureau for Disease Control and Prevention Wang Hesheng vakati "Chirwere X" chinokonzerwa nehutachiona husingazivikanwe chakaoma kudzivirira, uye tinofanira kugadzirira uye kupindura denda rinokonzerwa naro.

Chekutanga, kudyidzana pakati peveruzhinji, vakazvimirira uye vasina purofiti chikamu chepakati chemhinduro inoshanda yedenda. Basa iroro risati ratanga, zvakadaro, tinofanira kuita nhamburiko chaidzo kuti tive nechokwadi chekuwana nguva uye yakaenzana pasi rose kune matekinoroji, nzira uye zvigadzirwa. Chechipiri, huwandu hwehunyanzvi hwekudzivirira hutsva, hwakadai semRNA, DNA plasmids, viral vectors uye nanoparticles, zvakaratidzwa kuve zvakachengeteka uye zvinoshanda. Tekinoroji idzi dzave dzichitsvagirwa kwemakore anosvika makumi matatu, asi hadzina kupihwa rezinesi rekushandiswa nevanhu kusvika Covid-19 yatanga. Pamusoro pezvo, kumhanya kuri kushandiswa matekinoroji aya kunoratidza kuti zvinogoneka kuvaka yechokwadi yekukurumidza-mhinduro yekudzivirira chikuva uye inogona kupindura kune itsva SARS-CoV-2 musiyano nenguva. Kuwanikwa kwemhando iyi yetekinoroji inoshanda yekudzivirira kunotipawo hwaro hwakanaka hwekugadzira vanomirira vaccine denda rinotevera risati rasvika. Tinofanira kushingaira mukugadzira mishonga yekudzivirira yehutachiona hwese hune denda.

Chechitatu, pombi yedu yemishonga inorwisa mavhairasi yakanyatsogadzirirwa kupindura kutyisidzira kwehutachiona. Munguva yedenda reCovid-19, mishonga yekurwisa antibody inoshanda uye mishonga inoshanda zvakanyanya yakagadzirwa. Kuti tideredze kurasikirwa nehupenyu mudenda rinouya, isu tinofanirwawo kugadzira yakakura-spectrum antiviral kurapa kurwisa hutachiona hunogona denda. Zvakanaka, marapirwo aya anofanirwa kunge ari mumhando yemapiritsi ekuvandudza kugona kwekugovera mune yakakwirira-inoda, yakaderera-resource Settings. Kurapa uku kunofanirwawo kuwanikwa nyore, kusamanikidzwa nevega vega kana geopolitical forces.

Chechina, kuva nemishonga mumatura hakuna kufanana nekuita kuti iwanikwe munzvimbo dzakawanda. Iyo Logistics yekudzivirira, kusanganisira kugadzirwa uye kuwana, inoda kuvandudzwa. Iyo Alliance for Innovative Pandemic Preparedness (CEPI) mubatanidzwa wepasi rose wakatangwa kudzivirira denda remangwana, asi kuedza kwakawanda nerutsigiro rwepasirese kunodiwa kuti kuwedzere kukanganisa kwayo. Paunenge uchigadzirira matekinoroji aya, hunhu hwevanhu hunofanirawo kudzidzwa kusimudza ruzivo rwekuteerana nekugadzira nzira dzekupikisa manyepo.

Pakupedzisira, zvakanyanya kushandiswa uye kutsvagisa kwekutanga kunodiwa. Nekubuda kweiyo nyowani nyowani yeSARS-CoV-2 iyo yakasiyana zvachose muantigen, kuita kweakasiyana majekiseni uye mishonga yekurapa iyo yakambogadzirwa yakakanganiswa zvakare. Matekinoroji akasiyana akave nebudiriro dzakasiyana, asi zvakaoma kuona kana hutachiona hwedenda hunotevera huchakanganiswa nemaitiro aya, kana kunyangwe denda rinotevera richakonzerwa nehutachiona. Tisingakwanise kufanoona ramangwana, tinofanirwa kuisa mari mukutsvaga kutsvaga matekinoroji matsva kufambisa kuwanikwa nekugadzirwa kwemishonga mitsva nejekiseni. Isu tinofanirawo kudyara zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya mukutsvagisa kwekutanga pamusoro pedenda-rinogona tupukanana, hutachiona hwekushanduka-shanduka uye antigenic Drift, iyo pathophysiology yezvirwere zvinotapukira, immunology yevanhu, uye hukama hwavo. Mari yezvirongwa izvi yakakura, asi idiki kana ichienzaniswa nekukanganisa kweCovid-19 pahutano hwevanhu (zvese muviri nepfungwa) uye hupfumi hwenyika, hunofungidzirwa kudarika madhora mabhiriyoni maviri muna 2020 chete.

Hutano hukuru uye hupfumi hwemagariro nehupfumi hwedambudziko reCovid-19 hunonongedza zvakanyanya kudiwa kwakakosha kwetiweki yakazvipira yakazvipira kudzivirira denda. Iyo network ichakwanisa kuona mavhairasi anopararira kubva kumhuka dzesango kuenda kuzvipfuwo uye vanhu asati atanga kubuda munzvimbo, semuenzaniso, kudzivirira denda nedenda nemhedzisiro yakakomba. Nepo network yakadaro isati yambotangwa, harisi basa idzva chose. Pane kudaro, ichavaka pane iripo multisectoral yekutarisa mashandiro, kudhirowa pane masisitimu uye hunyanzvi hwatove kushanda. Harmonization kuburikidza nekugamuchirwa kweakamisikidzwa maitiro uye kugovana data kupa ruzivo rwepasi rose dhatabhesi.

Iyo network inotarisa pane yehunyanzvi sampling yemhuka dzesango, vanhu uye zvipfuyo munzvimbo dzakafano zivikanwa, kubvisa kudiwa kwekuongororwa kwehutachiona hwepasirese. Mukuita, nzira dzekupedzisira dzekuongorora dzinodiwa kuti uone hutachiona hwekuteuka kwekutanga munguva chaiyo, pamwe nekuona mhuri dzakawanda dzehutachiona hwehutachiona mumasampuli, pamwe nemamwe mavhairasi matsva anobva mumhuka dzesango. Panguva imwecheteyo, protocol yepasirese uye maturusi ekutsigira sarudzo anodiwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti hutachiona hutsva hunobviswa kubva kuvanhu nemhuka dzine hutachiona paanenge angowanikwa. Nehunyanzvi, nzira iyi inogoneka nekuda kwekukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwenzira dzakawanda dzekuongorora uye inokwanisika inotevera-chizvarwa DNA kutevedzana matekinoroji ayo anogonesa kuzivikanwa nekukurumidza kwemavhairasi pasina ruzivo rwekutanga kwepathogen yakanangwa uye inopa mhando-chaiyo / dhizaini mhedzisiro.

Sezvo data idzva remajini uye metadata yakabatana pahutachiona hwezoonotic mumhuka dzesango, yakapihwa nemapurojekiti ekutsvaga hutachiona akadai seGlobal Virome Project, akaiswa mumadhatabhesi epasi rose, network yepasi rose yekutarisa hutachiona ichave inoshanda zvakanyanya pakuona kutapurirana kwehutachiona kuvanhu. Iyo data ichabatsirawo kuvandudza diagnostic reagents uye kushandiswa kwavo kuburikidza nenyowani, yakawanda inowanikwa, inodhura-inoshanda pathogen yekuona uye kuteedzera michina. Idzi nzira dzekuongorora, dzakasanganiswa nematurusi ebioinformatics, hungwaru hwekugadzira (AI), uye data hombe, zvichabatsira kuvandudza maitiro ane simba uye fungidziro yehutachiona uye kupararira nekusimbisa zvishoma nezvishoma kugona kwepasi rose rekutarisa masisitimu kudzivirira denda.

Kugadzira iyo longitudinal yekutarisa network inotarisana nematambudziko makuru. Pane zvimhingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi uye zvekugadzirisa mukugadzira sampling framework yekutarisa hutachiona, kumisa nzira yekugovera ruzivo pane isingawanzo spillovers, kudzidzisa vashandi vane hunyanzvi, uye nekuona kuti veruzhinji nevehutano hwemhuka zvikamu zvinopa rutsigiro rwezvivakwa zvekuunganidza biological samples, chekufambisa, uye kuyedza marabhoritari. Pane kudiwa kwemaitiro ekutonga uye emitemo kugadzirisa matambudziko ekugadzirisa, kuenzanisa, kuongorora, uye kugovera huwandu hukuru hwe data rakawanda.

Network yekutarisa zviri pamutemo inodawo kuve neyayo nzira dzekutonga uye nhengo dzemasangano ehurumende neakazvimirira, akafanana neGlobal Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation. Inofanirwawo kuenderana zvizere nemasangano aripo eUN akadai seWorld Food and Agriculture Organisation/World Organisation for Animal Health/wHO. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekugara kwenguva refu kwetiweki, nzira dzekutsvaga mari dzinodiwa, dzakadai sekubatanidza zvipo, zvipo uye zvipo kubva kumasangano ekubhadhara mari, nhengo dzeNyika uye hurumende. Kudyara uku kunofanirwa kuve kwakabatana nekukurudzira, kunyanya kuSouth yepasirese, kusanganisira kuendesa tekinoroji, kusimudzira hunyanzvi, uye kugovana zvakaenzana ruzivo rwehutachiona hutsva hunoonekwa kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvepasi rose zvekuongorora.

Nepo masisitimu akabatanidzwa ekutarisa achikosha, nzira ine mativi mazhinji inozodiwa kudzivirira kupararira kwezvirwere zvezoonotic. Kuedza kunofanirwa kutarisana nekugadzirisa zvikonzero zvekutapurirana, kuderedza maitiro ane njodzi, kuvandudza masisitimu ekugadzira zvipfuyo uye kusimudzira kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu chemhuka. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuvandudzwa kwekutsva kwekuongorora, majekiseni uye kurapa kunofanira kuenderera mberi.

Chekutanga, zvakakosha kudzivirira spillover mhedzisiro nekutora "One hutano" zano rinobatanidza hutano hwemhuka, hwevanhu uye kwezvakatipoteredza. Inofungidzirwa kuti inenge 60% yezvirwere zvinoputika zvisati zvamboonekwa muvanhu zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwezvirwere zvezoonotic. Nekusimbisa zvakanyanya misika yekutengeserana uye kuteedzera mitemo inopesana nekutengeserana kwemhuka dzesango, huwandu hwevanhu nemhuka hunogona kupatsanurwa zvakanyanya. Kuedza kwekutonga kwevhu sekumisa kutemwa kwemasango hakungobatsiri nharaunda chete, asi zvakare kugadzira nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza pakati pemhuka dzesango nevanhu. Kupararira kwakapararira kwemaitiro ekurima anogara aripo uye ane hunhu kwaizobvisa kunyanyisa mumhuka dzakachengetwa uye kuderedza kushandiswa kweprophylactic antimicrobials, zvichitungamira kune mamwe mabhenefiti mukudzivirira antimicrobial kuramba.

Chechipiri, kuchengetedzwa kwerabhoritari kunofanirwa kusimbiswa kuti kuderedze njodzi yekuburitsa neune utachiona hune ngozi. Zvinodiwa zvekutonga zvinofanirwa kusanganisira saiti-yakananga uye chiitiko-chakanangana nenjodzi yekuongorora kuona nekudzikisa njodzi; Mitemo yakakosha yekudzivirira uye kutonga kwehutachiona; Uye kudzidziswa nezve mashandisirwo akafanira uye kutorwa kwemidziyo yekuzvidzivirira. Mitemo yepasi rose iripo yekutarisira njodzi yebhayoloji inofanirwa kutambirwa nevakawanda.

Chechitatu, GOF-ye-function (GOF) zvidzidzo zvine chinangwa chekujekesa zvinotapurirana kana pathogenic hunhu hwehutachiona hunofanirwa kutariswa zvakafanira kuderedza njodzi, uku ichiona kuti yakakosha tsvakiridzo uye basa rekuvandudza vaccine rinoenderera mberi. Zvidzidzo zvakadaro zveGOF zvinogona kuburitsa tupukanana ane mukana mukuru wedenda, angangove nekusaziva kana kuburitswa nemaune. Nekudaro, nharaunda yepasirese haisati yabvumirana kuti ndezvipi zviitiko zvekutsvagisa zvine dambudziko kana nzira yekudzikisa njodzi. Tichifunga kuti tsvakiridzo yeGOF iri kuitwa mumarabhoritari pasi rose, pane kudikanwa kwekukurumidzira kuumba hwaro hwepasi rose.