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Ealry mumwedzi uno, World Health Organisation (WHO) yakazivisa kuti nyaya dzemonkeypox dzawedzera muDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC) nedzimwe nyika dzakati wandei dzeAfrica, zvichiita kuti hutano hweveruzhinji hunetsane nedzimwe nyika.
Makore maviri apfuura, hutachiona hwemonkeypox hwakazivikanwa senjodzi yehutano hweveruzhinji nekuda kwekupararira kwayo munyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira China, uko hutachiona hwaive husati hwambopararira. Nekudaro, muna Chivabvu 2023, sezvo nyaya dzepasi rose dzichiramba dzichidzikira, iyi mamiriro enjodzi yakasimudzwa.
Hutachiona hwemonkeypox hwarova zvakare, uye kunyangwe pasati pave nenyaya muChina parizvino, zvinonzwisa tsitsi zvinoti hutachiona hunotapukira kuburikidza nekurumwa neumhutu hwakazadza maChinese social media mapuratifomu.
Ndezvipi zvikonzero zviri kuita yambiro yeWHO? Ndeapi maitiro matsva mudenda iri?
Ko iyo mutsauko mutsva wehutachiona hwemonkeypox uchafambiswa nemadonhwe uye umhutu?

Ndeapi makiriniki maitiro emonkeypox?
Pane jekiseni rekudzivirira tsoko uye nemushonga wokurirapa here?
Vanhu vanofanira kuzvidzivirira sei?

Nei ichiri kugamuchira zvakare?
Chekutanga, kwave nekukosha uye nekukurumidza kuwedzera kwenyaya dzakataurwa dzemonkeypox gore rino. Zvisinei nekuramba kuchiitika kwenyaya dzemonkeypox muDRC kwemakore akawanda, nhamba yenyaya dzakataurwa munyika yakawedzera zvakanyanya muna 2023, uye huwandu hwenyaya kusvika parizvino gore rino hwakapfuura gore rapfuura, uye huwandu hwenyaya dzinopfuura 15600, kusanganisira mazana mashanu nemakumi matatu nevanomwe vakafa. Monkeypox virus ine matavi maviri emajini, I uye II. Mashoko aripo anoratidza kuti zviratidzo zvekiriniki zvinokonzerwa nebazi I remonkeypox virus muDRC zvakanyanya kudarika izvo zvakakonzerwa nedenda ra2022. Parizvino, dzinenge nyika gumi nembiri dzemuAfrica dzakamhan'ara nyaya dzetsoko, Sweden neThailand dziri kutaura nyaya dzemonkeypox dzakatengwa kunze kwenyika.

Chechipiri, nyaya nyowani dzinoita kunge dzakanyanya. Pane mishumo kuti kufa mwero monkeypox utachiona bazi I utachiona hwakakura kusvika 10%, asi imwe nyanzvi kubva Belgian Institute of Tropical Medicine anotenda kuti cumulative nyaya data pamusoro pemakore 10 apfuura inoratidza kuti kufa mwero webazi I chete 3%, iyo yakafanana nehuwandu hwekufa kwechirwere chebazi II. Kunyange zvazvo ichangobva kuwanikwa monkeypox virus bazi Ib ine vanhu kune vanhu kutapurirwa uye inopararira nokukurumidza munzvimbo dzakananga, epidemiological data pabazi iri ishoma, uye DRC haikwanisi kunyatsocherechedza kutapurirwa kwehutachiona uye kudzora denda nekuda kwemakore ehondo nehurombo. Vanhu vachiri kushaya kunzwisisa kweiyo yakakosha ruzivo rwehutachiona, sekusiyana kwepathogenicity pakati pematavi akasiyana ehutachiona.
Mushure mekuzivisa zvakare hutachiona hwemonkeypox sehutano hweveruzhinji hwekunetsekana nedzimwe nyika, WHO inogona kusimbisa nekubatanidza kudyidzana nedzimwe nyika, kunyanya mukusimudzira kuwanikwa kwejekiseni, maturusi ekuongorora, uye kuunganidza zviwanikwa zvemari kuita zvirinani kudzivirira nekudzora denda.
Hunhu hutsva hwedenda
Monkeypox virus ine matavi maviri emajini, I uye II. Gore ra2023 risati rasvika, IIb ndiyo yaive hutachiona hukuru hwaive hwatekeshera pasirese. Kusvika pari zvino, zvakonzera nyaya dzinosvika mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi matanhatu uye vanhu vanosvika zana nemakumi masere nevaviri vafa munyika zana negumi nematanhatu. Kubva 2023, kuputika kukuru muDRC kwave kuri mubazi reIa, uye vanenge 20000 vanofungidzirwa kuti mhosva dzemonkeypox dzakataurwa; Pakati pavo, 975 nyaya dzinofungidzirwa dzekufa kwemonkeypox dzakaitika, kunyanya muvana vane makore gumi nemashanu kana pasi. Zvisinei, hutachiwana huchangobva kuwanikwa hwemonkeypox Ⅰ b bazi rapararira kunyika ina dzeAfrica, kusanganisira Uganda, Kenya, Burundi neRwanda, pamwe neSweden neThailand, nyika mbiri dziri kunze kweAfrica.
Clinical kuratidzwa
Monkeypox inogona kubata vana nevakuru, kazhinji mumatanho matatu: latent period, prodromal period, uye rash period. Avhareji yenguva yekufukidzira yetsoko ichangobva kutapukirwa mazuva gumi nematatu (kusiyana, mazuva 3-34). Chikamu cheprodromal chinotora mazuva 1-4 uye chinowanzoonekwa nefivha yakanyanya, kutemwa nemusoro, kuneta, uye kazhinji lymph node kuwedzera, kunyanya mumutsipa nepamusoro peshaya. Lymph node kuwedzera hunhu hwemonkeypox hunoisiyanisa kubva kune chickenpox. Munguva yekuputika kwemazuva 14-28, zvipembenene zveganda zvinogoverwa nenzira ye centrifugal uye zvakakamurwa kuva matanho akawanda: macules, papules, blisters, uye pakupedzisira pustules. Chirwere cheganda chakaoma uye chakasimba, chine miganhu yakajeka uye kuora mwoyo pakati.
Zvironda zveganda zvinoputika nekudonha, zvichikonzera kusakwana kwe pigmentation munzvimbo inoenderana mushure mekudururwa, zvichiteverwa nekunyanya kuvepa pigmentation. Maronda eganda remurwere anotangira pazvishoma kusvika pazviuru zvakati wandei, kunyanya zviri kumeso, hunde, maoko, nemakumbo. Zvironda zveganda zvinowanzoitika pamichindwe nemakumbo etsoka, iyo inoratidzirwa yemonkeypox yakasiyana nehuku. Kazhinji, maronda ese eganda ari padanho rimwe chete, inova imwe hunhu hunosiyanisa tsoko kubva kune dzimwe ganda symptomatic zvirwere senge chickenpox. Varwere vanowanzosangana nekukwenya uye kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama. Kuoma kwezviratidzo uye nguva yechirwere yakanyatsoenderana nekuwanda kwezvironda zveganda. Chirwere ichi chakanyanya muvana nevakadzi vane pamuviri. Monkeypox inowanzoita yekuzvimisira kosi, asi kazhinji inosiya kuseri kwekuoneka kwakashata senge mavanga kumeso.

Nzira yekufambisa
Monkeypox chirwere chezoonotic, asi kubuda kwazvino kunotapuriranwa pakati pevanhu kuburikidza nehukama hwepedyo nevarwere vemonkeypox. Kubatana kwepedyo kunosanganisira ganda paganda (sekubata kana kuita zvepabonde) uye muromo kumuromo kana muromo kugunzva ganda (sekutsvoda), pamwe nekutarisana chiso nechiso nevarwere vemonkeypox (sekutaura kana kufema pedyo nemumwe, izvo zvinogona kubudisa utachiona hwekufema). Parizvino, hapana tsvakiridzo inoratidza kuti kurumwa neumhutu hunogona kutapurira utachiona hwemonkeypox, uye tichifunga kuti utachiona hwemonkeypox uye utachiona hwechibhokisi ndehwerudzi rumwechete rweorthopoxvirus, uye utachiona hwechibhokisi hahugoni kuparadzirwa kuburikidza neumhutu, mukana wekuparadzira utachiona hwemonkeypox kuburikidza neumhutu hwakanyanya kuderera. Hutachiona hwemonkeypox hunogona kuramba huchienderera kwenguva yakati rebei pahembe, pamibhedha, matauro, zvinhu, midziyo yemagetsi, nenzvimbo dzakasangana nevarwere vemonkeypox. Vamwe vanogona kutapukirwa kana vakabata zvinhu izvi, kunyanya kana vakachekwa kana mabraa, kana kuti vakabata maziso avo, mhino, muromo, kana mamwe machuru vasati vageza maoko avo. Mushure mekusangana nezvinhu zvinogona kunge zvine utachiona, kuzvichenesa nekuzvibvisa utachiona, pamwe nekuchenesa maoko, zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira kutapurirana kwakadaro. Hutachiona hunogonawo kutapurirwa kumwana ari mudumbu panguva yekuzvitakura, kana kutapuriranwa nekusangana kweganda pakuzvarwa kana mushure mekuzvarwa. Vanhu vanosangana nemhuka dzine utachiona, setsindi, vanogonawo kubatwa netsoko. Kuratidzwa kunokonzerwa nekubatana kwenyama nemhuka kana nyama kunogona kuitika kuburikidza nekurumwa kana kukwenya, kana panguva yezviitwa zvakaita sekuvhima, kuvhiya, kuteya, kana kugadzira chikafu. Kudya nyama ine utachiona husina kunyatsobikwa kunogona kukonzerawo kutapurira utachiona.
Ndiani ari panjodzi?
Chero ani ane hukama hwepedyo nevarwere vane zviratidzo zvemonkeypox anogona kutapukirwa nehutachiona hwemonkeypox, kusanganisira vashandi vehutano uye nhengo dzemhuri. Masoja evana anodzivirira zvirwere achiri kukura, uye vanotamba uye vanodyidzana. Pamusoro pezvo, havana mukana wekugamuchira mushonga wechibhokisi, wakaregedzwa makore anopfuura makumi mana apfuura, saka njodzi yekutapukirwa yakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, vanhu vane immune immune immune, kusanganisira vakadzi vane nhumbu, vanoonekwa sevanhu vane njodzi huru.
Kurapa uye Majekiseni
Parizvino hapana mishonga iripo yekurapa monkeypox virus, saka nzira huru yekurapa kurapa kwekutsigira, kunosanganisira kuchengetedza mapundu, kudzora kurwadziwa, uye kudzivirira matambudziko. Mishonga miviri yemonkeypox yakabvumidzwa neWHO asi haina kutangwa muChina. Iwo ese chizvarwa chechitatu attenuated utachiona hwechibhokisi. Mukushaikwa kwemishonga miviri iyi, WHO yakatenderawo kushandiswa kwemushonga wechibhokisi wakavandudzwa weACAM2000. Gao Fu, muzvinafundo weInstitute of Microbiology yeChinese Academy of Sciences, akaburitsa basa muNature Immunology kutanga kwa2024, achikurudzira kuti "mbiri mune imwe" inodzokorodza yekudzivirira hutachiona hwemonkeypox hutachiona hwakagadzirwa nemulti epitope chimerism zano rinotungamirwa neantigen chimiro chinogona kuchengetedza maviri anotapukira hutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona. hutachiona hwemonkeypox hwakapetwa ka28 kune hwechinyakare hwekudzivirira mhenyu, hunogona kupa imwe nzira yekudzivirira yakachengetedzeka uye inoparadza yekudzivirira nekudzora hutachiona hwemonkeypox. Chikwata ichi chiri kushanda pamwe neShanghai Junshi Biotechnology Company kufambisira mberi tsvakiridzo yejekiseni nebudiriro.